1.Botanical Name: Rhynchostylis
retusa (L.) Blume
Family: Orchidaceae
Common name: Foxtail
Orchid
Vernacular name in
Assamese: Kopou phool
General characters: Epiphytic
herb. It has an erect growth form and can grow up to 50 cm tall. The leathery
leaves are recurved and deeply channeled. The flowers are borne on densely
flowered, drooping racemes originating from the leaf axils. The flowers consist
of white sepals and petals with pink blotches and a pink flower lip.
Traditional Knowledge:
The inflorescence is used by Assamese girls to adorn their hair during the
spring festival ‘Rongali Bihu’. Among the youths of Assam, this orchid is
regarded as symbol of love, fertility and merriment. It is also used in
marriage ceremony of the Assamese. Considering its importance the native of
Assam grow this species in their home premises.
Medicinal Uses: Plant
used in treatment of cuts and wounds.
Note: It is an
endangered species.
2.Botanical Name: Mimusops
elengi L.
Family: Sapotaceae
Common name: Spanish
cherry
Vernacular name in
Assamese: Bokul
General characters: Medium-sized
evergreen tree. The leaves are glossy, dark green, oval-shaped, 5–14 cm
(2.0–5.5 in) long, and 2.5–6 cm (0.98–2.36 in) wide. The flowers are cream,
hairy, and scented. The fruits are fleshy, range in color between yellow and
brown, and contain a large brown seed.
Uses: The yellow color pulp
is edible. The bark, flowers, fruits, and seeds are used in Ayurvedic medicine
in which it is purported to be astringent, cooling, anthelmintic, tonic, and
febrifuge. It is mainly used for dental ailments such as bleeding gums,
pyorrhea, dental caries, and loose teeth.
3.Botanical Name: Polyalthia
longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites
Family: Annonaceae
Common name: False
Ashoka, Mast Tree, Indian Mast Tree, Weeping Mast Tree, Green Champa
Vernacular name in
Assamese: Debdaru
General characters: A
tall handsome evergreen tree, 12-20 m tall, with straight trunk, undivided,
smooth brown greyish bark and slender branches, 1-2 m long, longer at the base
up to touch the soil. Leaves are membranous, lanceolate, tapering to a fine
point, shining, glabrous, margin undulate or wavy and gland-dotted
Uses: The leaves are
used for ornamental decoration during festivals. The tree is a focal point in
gardens. It have been widely used in folklore medicine for the treatment of
rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer and generalized body pain.
4.Botanical Name: Mesua
ferrea L.
Family: Calophyllaceae
Common name: Ceylon
Ironwood
Vernacular name in
Assamese: Nahor
General characters: The tree can grow over 30 meters tall. Trunk is straight
and erect. Bark is smooth and ash reddish brown in color. Wood is red, hard and
heavy. Leaves are 8.0-15.0 cm long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, red when young,
afterwards shining above and glaucous, rounded at the base and with close
inconspicuous veins.
Uses: Flowers are used
in treating diseases like rheumatism, asthma, inflammation, fever, dyspepsia,
renal diseases, dysentery, bleeding piles, a bacterial and fungal infection.
5.Botanical Name: Morus
alba L.
Family: Moraceae
Common name: White
mulberry
Vernacular name in
Assamese: Nuni
General characters: A
fast-growing shrub or moderate-sized tree with a fairly cylindrical, up to 35 m
high and 1.8 m in girth, without buttresses; bark dark greyish-brown, rough
with vertical fissures; exuding white or yellowish-white latex.
Uses: Leaves are used
to improve eyesight, nourish the liver, repel wind, and clear heat. It also
aids in treating dizziness, dysentery, supports liver function, maintains
youthful skin, coughs and cold symptoms, strengthens blood, treats colic and
strengthens eyes. Fruits are edible.
6.Botanical Name: Delonix
regia (Hook.) Raf.
Family: Leguminosae
Common name: Royal
poinciana, also called flamboyant tree or peacock tree
Vernacular name in
Assamese: Krishna sura
General characters: A
medium-sized deciduous tree with a broad-spreading, flat-topped, umbrella-like
crown. This tree is noted for featuring a superb ornamental display of showy
scarlet flowers and compound mimosa-like leaves.
Uses: Ornament tree. It
has some medicinal properties like anti-diabetic activity, anti-bacterial activity,
anti-diarrheal property, Hepatoprotective/Cytotoxic property, anti-microbial
and anti- inflammatory activity.
7.Botanical name: Albizia
lebbeck Benth
Family:
Mimosaceae
Common name:
Lebbek
Vernicular
name: শিৰিষ /স্বৰ্ণচূড়া
Description: Lebbek is a deciduous, perennial medium-sized legume
tree. It reaches 3-15 m in plantations and up to 30 m in the open. Its dense
shade-producing crown can be as large as 30 m in diameter. Leaves are bipinnate
with 3-11 pairs of bright green, oblong leaflets, 1.5-6.5 cm long x 0.5-3.5 cm
broad. Inflorescences are globular clusters of 15-40 white fragrant flowers.
The fruits are 10-30 cm long x 3-6 cm broad, reddish-brown pods that contain
5-15 flat rounded, free moving seeds. They produce an incessant rattle in the
wind, reminding women's chatter, hence the name "women's tongue" (FAO, 2010; Orwa et al., 2009; Lowry et al., 1992).
Distribution
Lebbek is
native to tropical Africa, Asia and Northern Australia. It is widely
naturalized within sub-humid, semi-arid tropics and subtropical areas where
there is a marked dry season and a reliable rainy season. It is found from sea
level up to an altitude of 1800 m (Cook et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 1992; Duke, 1983).
Optimal growth
conditions are average day temperatures ranging from 19°C to 35°C, annual
rainfall between 500 mm and 2500 mm and fertile, well-drained loamy soils. It
may, however, withstand lower and more irregular rainfall conditions. It can
also grow on a wide diversity of soils such as acid, alkaline or saline soils,
eroded soils and laterites except heavy clays (Orwa et al., 2009; Lowry et al., 1992). It is tolerant of heavy grazing and
fire (Lowry et al., 1992). Seedlings are sensitive to frost and
heavy browsing but older plants can survive (NAS, 1980).
Uses: Good for fire
wood. It is generally planted as shade tree in tea and coffee garden (Orwa et al., 2009; Duke, 1983)..
Its provide shelter for birds and varieties of inspect. Due to rapid growing
nature of the plant, people prefer to plant it in public places for shade. Lebbek is a multipurpose tree. As a fodder tree, its
foliage, twigs, flowers and immature pods are relished by different classes of
livestock (camels, cattle, small ruminants and rabbits) (FAO, 2010). It is also
used planted as timber yielding plant. Lebbek is suitable for agroforestry
regimes in which the benefits of animal production are combined with wood
production (Lowry et al., 1998).
IUCN
status: LC
Local name: ঔটেঙা (O Tenga)
Scientific
name: Dillenia indica L.
Family: Dilleniaceae
8. Local name: কৃষ্ণচূড়া (Krishnasura)
Scientific
Name: Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf.
Family: Leguminosae
9. Local: নাহৰ (Nahor)
Scientific
Name: Mesua ferrea L.
Family: Calophyllaceae
10. Local name: হেলচ্
(Haloch)
Scientific
Name: Antidesma ghaesembilla Geartn.
Family: Family:
Phyllanthaceae
Dept.
of Botany, Namrup College
11. Local name: শিমলু
(Simolu)
Scientific
Name: Bombax ceiba L.
Family: Family: Malvaceae
Dept.
of Botany, Namrup College
12. Local name: পান্থপাদপ
(Panthapapod)
Scientific Name: Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn.
Family:
Family: Strelitziaceae
Dept.
of Botany, Namrup College
13. Local name: অৰ্জুন
(Arjun)
Scientific
Name: Terminalia arjuna W
& A
Family:
Family: Combretaceae
Dept.
of Botany, Namrup College
15. Local name: তগৰ
(Tagor)
Scientific
Name: Gardenia jasminoides J.
Ellis
Family:
Family: Rubiaceae
Dept.
of Botany, Namrup College
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